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Marijuana abuse and Marijuana
addiction
Marijuana is more common than that of
any other illicit drug in America, and is the drug-of-choice for
most first time drug users.
We recognize the need for access to a fully comprehensive Marijuana
Abuse Treatment facility.
We now know that long-term Marijuana abuse
can in fact lead to Marijuana addiction for some people. Long term
or compulsive Marijuana abuse leads to cravings and withdrawal symptoms
which make it very difficult to stop using the drug. People with
a Marijuana addiction, that are trying to quit, report irritability,
sleeplessness, and anxiety. They also display increased aggression
on psychological tests, peaking approximately one week after the
last use of the drug. Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction results
in the user indulging themselves in the drug even when it is interfering
with family, work or school, recreational activities.
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The
Effects of Marijuana on the user depend
on the THC it contains. The amount of THC present in Marijuana has
increased since the 1970's and has stayed about the same since the
mid 1980's. Marijuana originally averaged about 3 percent THC, while
modern cultivation techniques have increased that figure by more than
8 times.
Hashish (the sticky resin from the female
plant flowers) can contain more than 28 percent THC and Hash oil (a
tar-like liquid distilled from hashish or Marijuana) can average 43
percent or more.
THC is the chemical present in Marijuana
that makes you feel 'high'. Certain parts of the plant contain higher
levels of THC. The flowers or buds have more THC than the stems or
leaves. When Marijuana is smoked, THC goes quickly into the blood
stream, through the lungs and into the brain, where it begins to affect
how you feel. This can happen within a few minutes and can last up
to five hours. THC is absorbed more slowly into the bloodstream when
Marijuana is eaten, as it has to pass through the stomach and intestine
taking up to one hour before any 'high' is experienced. When eaten,
the effects can last up to 12 hours. THC is absorbed quickly into
body fat and is then released very slowly back into the blood stream.
This process can take up to one month, even for a single dose of THC
to fully leave the body.
Short-term
effects of Marijuana Abuse:
Sleepiness
Difficulty keeping track of time, impaired or reduced short-term
memory
Reduced ability to perform tasks requiring concentration and
coordination
Increased heart rate and potential cardiac dangers for those
with pre-existing heart disease
Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth, cough and sore throat
Decreased social inhibitions, paranoia, and hallucinations
Impaired or reduced comprehension and ability to learn
Altered motivation and cognition, making the acquisition of
new information difficult
Paranoia and psychological dependence
Impaired judgment and problem solving
Difficulty forming concepts
Difficulty speaking, listening effectively, thinking, and retaining
knowledge
Intense anxiety or panic attacks
Long-term effects of Marijuana Abuse and Marijuana Addiction:
Increased risk of cancer
Decreases in testosterone levels and lower sperm
counts in men
Increased testosterone levels in women and increased
risk of infertility
Diminished or extinguished sexual pleasure
Effects on Men
Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction affects the parts of the brain
that control sex and growth hormones. In males, Marijuana abuse and
Marijuana addiction can decrease testosterone levels. Occasional cases
of enlarged breasts in male Marijuana abusers users are triggered
by the chemical impact on the hormone system. Regular Marijuana abuse
or Marijuana addiction can also lead to a decrease in sperm count,
as well as increases in abnormal and immature sperm. Marijuana abuse
and Marijuana addiction is a contributing factor in the rising problem
of infertility in males. Young males should know the effects and potential
effects of Marijuana use on sex drive and the growing process before
they decide to smoke Marijuana
Effects on Women
Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction affects the female in the
part of the brain that controls the hormones which determine the sequence
in the menstrual cycle. It's been said that females who smoked or
used Marijuana on a regular basis had irregular menstrual cycles,
the female hormones were depressed, and the testosterone level was
raised. Even though this effect may be reversible, it may take several
months of no Marijuana use before the menstrual cycles become normal
again.
Mothers who smoke Marijuana on a regular basis have been reported
to have babies with a weak central nervous system. These babies show
abnormal reactions to light and sound, exhibit tremors and startles,
and have the high-pitched cry associated with drug withdrawal. Occurring
at five times the rate of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Marijuana
Syndrome is a growing concern of many doctors. Furthermore, doctors
worry that children born to "pot-head" mothers will have
learning disabilities, attention deficits and hormonal irregularities
as they develop, even if there are no apparent signs of damage at
birth. Pregnant or nursing mothers who smoke Marijuana should talk
to their doctors immediately.
Effects on pregnant women
The abuse of any drug can affect a mother's health during pregnancy,
a time when she should take special care of herself. Drug abuse may
interfere with proper nutrition and rest, which can affect good functioning
of the immune system. Some studies have found that babies born to
mothers who used Marijuana during pregnancy were smaller than those
born to mothers who did not use the drug. In general, smaller babies
are more likely to develop health problems.
A nursing mother who uses Marijuana passes some of the THC to the
baby in her breast milk. Research indicates that the use of Marijuana
by a mother during the first month of breast-feeding can impair the
infant's motor development (control of muscle movement). Research
also shows more anger and more regressive behavior (thumb sucking,
temper tantrums) in toddlers whose parents use Marijuana than among
the toddlers of non-using parents.
Effects on the brain
Researchers have found that THC changes the way in which sensory information
gets into and is acted on by the hippocampus. This is a component
of the brain's limbic system that is crucial for learning, memory,
and the integration of sensory experiences with emotions and motivations.
Investigations have shown that neurons in the information processing
system of the hippocampus and the activity of the nerve fibers are
suppressed by THC. In addition, researchers have discovered that learned
behaviors, which depend on the hippocampus, also deteriorate. Recent
research findings also indicate that long-term Marijuana abuse and
Marijuana addiction produces changes in the brain similar to those
seen after long-term use of other major illicit drugs.
Effects on the lungs
Marijuana abuse and
Marijuana addiction may cause many of the same respiratory problems
that tobacco smoking does. Smokers cough and phlegm, symptoms of chronic
bronchitis, and more frequent chest colds are common among Marijuana
abusers. Continuing to smoke Marijuana can lead to abnormal functioning
of lung tissue injured or destroyed by Marijuana smoke.
Regardless of the THC content, the amount of tar inhaled and the level
of carbon monoxide absorbed by Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction
are three to five times greater than among tobacco smokers. This may
be due to the Marijuana users inhaling more deeply and holding the
smoke in the lungs.
Effects on the cardiovascular system
Recent findings indicate that Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction
when combined with cocaine use has the potential to cause severe
increases in heart rate and blood pressure. In one study, experienced
Marijuana and cocaine users were given Marijuana alone, cocaine
alone, and then a combination of both. Each drug alone produced
significant cardiovascular effects, but when combined, the effects
were greater and lasted longer. The drugs were given with the subjects
sitting quietly, while in normal circumstances, an individual may
smoke Marijuana and inject cocaine and then do something physically
stressful that may significantly increase the probability of overloading
the cardiovascular system.
Effects on learning and social behavior
A recent study of Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction has shown
that critical skills related to attention, memory, and learning
are significantly impaired among college students who use Marijuana
heavily. The study confirmed that the impairment existed even 24
hours after Marijuana use. The findings suggest that the greater
impairment among heavy users is likely due to an alteration of brain
activity produced by Marijuana
Longitudinal research on Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction
among young people below college age, indicates those who use have
lower achievement than non-users, more acceptance of deviant behavior,
more delinquent behavior and aggression, greater rebelliousness,
poorer relationships with parents, and more associations with delinquent
and drug-using friends.
Marijuana Abuse
Not everyone who uses Marijuana ends up suffering the woes of Marijuana
addiction. When a Marijuana abuser begins to seek out and take the
drug compulsively, that person is said to be dependent on the drug
and suffer from Marijuana addiction. In 1995, 165,000 people entering
drug treatment programs reported Marijuana abuse as their primary
problem. Some heavy Marijuana abusers show signs of dependence because
when they do not use the drug, they develop withdrawal symptoms.
Subjects in an experiment on Marijuana use, abuse and addiction,
had symptoms such as restlessness, loss of appetite, insomnia, weight
loss, and the shakes
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According to one study, Marijuana abuse by teenagers who have prior
serious antisocial problems can quickly lead to Marijuana addiction
or dependence on the drug. That study also found that, for troubled
teenagers using tobacco, alcohol, and Marijuana, progression from
their first use of Marijuana to Marijuana abuse and addiction was
about as rapid as their progression to regular tobacco use, and
more rapid than the progression to regular use of alcohol.
Reduction in motivation
Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction
causes a lack of motivation in most users. Signs and symptoms of
this include
not caring about what happens in their lives,
lacking the desire to work regularly, sleepiness fatigue, lack of
concern about how they look, and a desire and attitude to simply
kick back and blow another reefer.
As a result of these symptoms, some users tend to perform poorly
in school or at work.
Doorway to other drugs
Long-term studies of high school students and their behavioral patterns
that include the use of drugs, show that very few young people use
other drugs without first trying Marijuana The risk of using cocaine
has been estimated to be more than 104 times greater for those who
have tried Marijuana than for those who have never tried it. Although
there are no definitive studies on the factors associated with the
movement from Marijuana use to the use of other drugs, growing evidence
shows that a combination of biological, social, and psychological
factors are involved.
Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction affects the brain in many
of the same ways that other drugs do. Researchers are examining
the possibility that long-term Marijuana abuse and Marijuana addiction
may create changes in the brain that make a person more at risk
of becoming addicted to other drugs, such as alcohol or cocaine.
While not all young people who use Marijuana go on to use other
drugs, further research is needed to determine who will be at greatest
risk.
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Last
Updated: 2/9/05
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